This article aims to analyze the discussion of justice in Book I of Plato's Republic. At first, it should be noted that the way Book I is built makes it very close to the Platonic dialogues of the youth, the controversy remaining in relation to its writing as an independent text or preface deliberately elaborated. In Book I Plato maps the common meanings of justice and deconstructs them in an intellectual path that responds to the traditional notions of morality and (...) to the already degenerated political perspective of the sophists. With this, it signals the need to transcend the domains of mere opinion, in the name of a superior foundation for justice, universal and with a rational seal. The process of conceptual purification and contextual delimitation perpetrated in the first Book helps to understand the complex ethical, metaphysical and political-educational reflections of the Republic, reason that leads us to infer the essentially propaedeutic character with which Book I it was elaborated. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal uma rápida retomada dos pressupostos básicos do marxismo e a sua identificação com a Teoria histórico-cultural, em especial com o pensamento de Lev Semionovich Vigotski. A chave para a compreensão das teorias de Vigotski está nos princípios marxistas, cuja contribuição vai muito além da influência formal que emana da sua condição ideológica. Vigotski apreendeu o método dialético marxista, da mesma forma em que incorporou e desenvolveu alguns dos seus objetivos e princípios teóricos (os (...) conceitos de mediação e atividade, por exemplo), necessários para o desenvolvimento de uma psicologia de cunho científico, que teria um profundo impacto nas concepções educacionais contemporâneas. Tentar separar a obra de Vigotski da influência do marxismo é subestimar as suas escolhas metodológicas e, acima de tudo, desrespeitar as suas convicções teóricas e inclinações ideológicas. (shrink)

Hay muchas circunstancias que motivan a la escritura. En esta nota, el autor hace un paralelismo entre la necesidad que llevó a santa Teresa de Jesús a escribir «libro vivo», tras la prohibición de la lectura de la Biblia en vulgar, y la necesidad que le llevó a él mismo a escribir su propia concepción filosófica, tras la crisis que sufrió la filosofía de Gustavo Bueno, y que tenía como lectura de referencia.

El trabajo infantil es una de las principales lacras actuales de la humanidad. El artículo, de tenor descriptivo, presenta los inicios históricos de las denuncias acerca de este problema, el desarrollo de los instrumentos de regulación internacional, las iniciativas de la Comunidad internacional para combatir el trabajo infantil, y las aportaciones del Magisterio pontificio acerca del tema.

Estas reflexiones son una síntesis de la investigación que personalmente ha llevado a cabo, ayudado por especialistas y estudiosos del tema, patrocinada por la Fundación santa María y publicada en uno de sus cuadernos con el título: "La potencialidad educativa de la música". En este trabajo se recogen datos y opiniones de unos 2000 alumnos, varias decenas de profesores y especialistas, así como de intérpretes musicales, compositores, directores de coros y miembros de agrupaciones corales. La investigación, de gran amplitud (...) y estructurada a partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, fue presentada en el congreso que reunió el pasado mayo en Madrid a 700 profesores de Música de centros educativos españoles, titulado: "Música en el aula, todo un arte". (shrink)

En este artículo argumentamos que, desde la atomización violenta producida por la desmovilización de las AUC y el abandono de las pretensiones nacionales por parte de las organizaciones insurgentes, en Colombia no se desarrolla un único conflicto armado transversal a todo el país. Por el contrario, permanecen activos múltiples conflictos cuyas dinámicas a nivel subregional son independientes de lo que sucede en otras subregiones, aun cuando se encuentren geográficamente cerca. Para analizar cada uno de estos conflictos proponemos que se tengan (...) en cuenta tres elementos: la naturaleza de los actores armados, las interacciones que se gestan entre ellos y el territorio en el que actúan. A partir de esto, analizamos dos conflictos armados que tienen lugar en el Caribe: el de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y el del sur de Córdoba. En estos, identificamos cuatro tipos de conflictividad: hegemonía criminal, paz mafiosa, competencia armada y competencia armada con alianzas en su interior. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o processo de implementação de políticas públicas na área da educação nos municípios de Rio Pardo, Venâncio Aires e Santa Cruz do Sul, localizados no interior do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar como os burocratas de nível de rua influenciam na área da educação em processos includentes e/ou excludentes que afetem a (re)produção ou redução de desigualdades no processo de implementação de políticas públicas. O artigo Burocracia e Implementação (...) de Políticas Públicas: Desafios e Potencialidades para Redução de Desigualdades, de autoria de Gabriela Lotta (2021), foi a base para os dois momentos, tanto o teórico como a pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas aprofundadas com profissionais da área da educação. Após a análise dos resultados, considera-se que a implementação bem-sucedida das políticas públicas deve considerar as avaliações de impacto social que analisem de maneira abrangente como a política afeta as desigualdades. A ausência desse tipo de avaliação pode limitar a compreensão dos resultados e impedir ajustes necessários. (shrink)

El artículo estudia el papel de la Iglesia en el cuidado de la creación, a partir de una relectura teológica de la Laudato Si’. El autor realiza un fino análisis de la encíclica que logra conectar ecología, antropología y escatología. Además, esta presentación tiene el valor de ser no solo un estudio riguroso a nivel científico, sino también el testimonio vivencial del Observador permanente de la Santa Sede ante la FAO.

A relevância de dialogar um estudo teórico internacional dos EUA com o estudo empírico nacional do Brasil sobre as análises conceituais, pesquisas futuras e estratégias inclusivas aos grupos com distintos marcadores sociais das diferenças com suas relações étnico-raciais, interseccionais e de deficiências. Foram discutidos durante o período das aulas presenciais através de uma disciplina eletiva da pós-graduação stricto sensu em educação na Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC) ministrada por duas Professoras Doutoras Geisa Bock e Raquel Fröhlich. Realizou-se as (...) discussões com esperança de que é possível realizar pesquisas futuras quando obtém o olhar minucioso sobre as necessidades especiais dos grupos vulneráreis para progresso educacional. O artigo incentiva as conscientizações dos pesquisadores e profissionais da educação com as notas críticas internacionais e as inspirações de práticas colaborativas em suas pesquisas futuras, contribuindo para a constância do debate em face dos propósitos de equidade social perante os princípios da Educação Inclusiva. (shrink)

Laura Montoya Upegui identifica la compasión como un sentimiento que mueve a la acción. Es una lección útil dirigida a la transformación social. En medio de las dificultades, optó por la reflexión y la evaluación de los eventos inesperados en la condición humana para dirigir la mirada hacia la vida buena. Cuando es calumniada, identifica y acepta las emociones sociales e individuales, alejándose del miedo. Ella comprende que en el desarrollo humano, lo material y lo espiritual no se excluyen. En (...) la actualidad, existe una fuerte tensión política en Colombia que reclama de la sensibilidad social y los propósitos comunes. Como lo plantea Nussbaum, y según las vivencias de Santa Laura Montoya, la compasión, la esperanza práctica y la visión imaginativa pueden guiar el camino hacia el desarrollo humano. (shrink)

Este texto trata de apresentar a posição intelectual de Fernando Do Ó, militar, advogado e espírita que atuou em Santa Maria nas décadas de 1930 a 1960, sobre espiritismo. Essas discussões foram sustentadas na análise do Pierre Bourdieu sobre as disputas percebidas do campo religioso. Destacamos suas posições a partir do que foi publicado no jornal Diário do Interior de 1930 a 1937, assim, propomos uma reflexão, da escrita na imprensa local no sentido de demarcar identidade espírita diante (...) da pluralidade de práticas mediúnicas. (shrink)

The "red note" - also known as "police information" - is the journalistic genre that covers bloody facts. The raw material of this sensationalist branch of the press are accidents, murders, robberies, lynchings, rape, acts of torture, and other events that violate daily life. Since the 19th century, the "red note" has had an important place in the Mexican press. Vicente Riva Palacio's Red Book, based on violent historical events, is a classic in the national bibliography of that century; the (...) engravers Manuel Alfonso Manilla and José Guadalupe Posada illustrated dozens of leaflets with news about bandits, crimes and shootings; In the twentieth century, notable narrators such as Víctor Ronquillo and Rolo Díaz worked for years at the police source; likewise, some of Mexico's great photographers made a career in this section, including Adrián Devars and Enrique el NiñoMetinides; his school finds important followers in photojournalists such as Pedro Valtierra, Fernando Brito and the team of the newspaper La Jornada. The stories that this journalistic genre gathers intersect with the history of the nation and include episodes that range from the murder of the Dongo family in 1789 to the massacre of migrants in San Fernando, Tamaulipas, in 2010; from the Gray Car Band to organized crime; of the shooting of Maximiliano de Habsburgo in the Hill of the Bells in 1867 to the murder of Luis Donaldo Colosio in Lomas Taurinas, Tijuana, in 1994. Carlos Monsiváis was a scholar of the subject and in his book The Thousand and One Watchmen he wrote: Alarmed and pleased, the crowds stop as before a shop window: there at your fingertips the endowment of rivers of blood, betrayals, iniquities, perversions, robberies. At the beginning of the 21st century, in Mexico, the genre has a larger presence than ever. In 2010, the writer explains the phenomenon: In 15 years, the biggest change is the fierce emergency, at times militarized, of drug trafficking, which radically modifies the meaning of the "red note" and transfers it almost daily to the altar of eight columns. The singularity of murders and murderers disappears, and the massive scale of crime also dehumanizes on a similar scale. The collection of the Museo del Estanquillo houses numerous publications, prints, models, photographs, flyers and memorabilia related to the "red note", as well as a considerable number of vintage photographs of Metinides that some researchers considered lost. In the archive of collector Pedro Barrios and other collectors, friends of the museum, as well as in the work of contemporary artists, we find the works that make up this exhibition. In these dark times, in which the "red note" has left the inside pages and become a front page issue, it is important to meditate on violence in our country. This visual chronicle of the history of the "red note" in Mexico seeks to contribute to this reflection. (shrink)

En los últimos años de la Edad Moderna y ya a lo largo de toda la Contemporánea, la celebración de la Semana Santa de Sevilla se convierte en la gran fiesta religiosa de la urbe hispalense. En el siglo XIX el establecimiento de la corte de los Montpensier a orillas del Guadalquivir convierte bajo la égida de los duques tanto a la ciudad como a su fiesta pasional en acontecimientos turísticos de amplitud genuinamente europea e internacional. En el encuadre (...) de este contexto histórico, hay que estudiar la visita del restaurado rey Alfonso XII en 1877, donde principia el legendario romance con su prima María de las Mercedes. Se hace muy presente en las vivencias de la ciudad, queda asombrado por la grandeza litúrgica del Triduo Sacro de la Santa Iglesia Catedral concediendo a su cabildo el título de Excelentísimo y preside el paso del Duelo de la cofradía del Santo Entierro, primera vez en la historia que un descendiente del Trono de san Fernando lo realiza en el cortejo procesional de una cofradía sevillana. (shrink)

As public administrations adopt artificial intelligence (AI), we see this transition has the potential to transform public service and public policies, by offering a rapid turnaround on decision making and service delivery. However, a recent series of criticisms have pointed to problematic aspects of mainstreaming AI systems in public administration, noting troubled outcomes in terms of justice and values. The argument supplied here is that any public administration adopting AI systems must consider and address ambiguities and uncertainties surrounding two key (...) dimensions: the algorithms’ results, and how public managers make decisions for and about AI systems’ design. The article is based on bibliographic research in institutional theory perspective that relates the design of AI systems and relevant literature on the decision-making process in public policy. The main finding is to explain why autonomous decision systems continue to reproduce ambiguities and uncertainties when applied in public administration and propose a reflection on AI governance in public administration. This article points to the need for design institutions that immerse themselves in understanding the nuances, details, and potential outcomes of AI governance for public administration. Such institutions would reconcile consequentialist logic with a logic of appropriateness to help navigate and mediate ambiguities and uncertainties. (shrink)

A dilemma has stymied interpretations of the Stranger’s method of dividing kinds into subkinds in Plato’sSophistandStatesman. The dilemma assumes that the kinds are either extensions or intensions. Now kinds divide like extensions, not intensions. But extensions cannot explain the distinct identities of kinds that possess the very same members. We propose understanding a kind as like an animal body—the Stranger’s simile for division—possessing both an extension and an intension. We find textual support in the Stranger’s paradigmatic four steps for collecting (...) a subkind. (shrink)

En 1966, Rodolfo Walsh viaja al Litoral y escribe una serie de notas para la revista Panorama. Fernando Birri, en 1960, realiza en Santa Fe su documental Tire dié. Según algunos datos, se conjetura que Juan L. Ortiz escribió El Gualeguay durante la década del 60. En estas discursividades literarias y visuales se configuran narrativas e imágenes no solamente del presente de su realización, sino también del pasado y, en gran medida, de lo que devendrá en la región (...) del litoral argentino a partir del registro de una modernidad desigual. Por eso, nos preguntamos: ¿qué tensiones tejen y arrojan entre la modernidad desigual y las formas de exclusión?, ¿de qué modo estas narrativas -documental, poética y periodística- conforman un archivo donde lo estético y lo político no dejan de inscribirse entre sí? Estos son algunos puntos de partida para explorar y poner en relación una visualidad y narratividad de la región, bajo los regímenes de discursividad del archivo de los 60 y desde el enfoque amplio de la geografía cultural. (shrink)

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa a composição étnico-racial dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de filosofia. O propósito é identificar as características gerais da área e analisar os dados disponíveis sobre as declarações de cor/raça em seus mestrados e doutorados. Espera-se que essas análises sejam úteis para a discussão e proposição de ações afirmativas em tais programas. O resultado obtido evidenciou que negros estão largamente sub-representados na pós-graduação em filosofia. Com efeito, a área é atualmente entre as humanidades a (...) de maior concentração de estudantes declarados brancos. Isto posto, o estudo especula possíveis causas e consequências dessa situação, procurando encontrar caminhos para o enfrentamento efetivo do racismo acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Desigualdades Raciais; Perfil Discente; Racismo Acadêmico. Black People in Philosophy Graduate Programs in Brazil Abstract: The present paper analyzes the ethnic-racial composition of Brazilian graduate programs in the field of philosophy. Its purpose is to identify the general characteristics of the field, and to analyze the available data on color/race in its master’s and doctoral programs. It is hoped that these analyzes will be useful for the discussion and proposition of affirmative actions in such programs. The result obtained showed that blacks are largely underrepresented in Brazilian philosophy graduate schools. Indeed, the field is currently the one with the highest concentration of students declared to be white among all the human sciences in Brazil. With that being said, the study speculates on possible causes and consequences of that situation, seeking to find ways to effectively confront academic racism. Keywords: Racial Inequalities; Student Profile; Academic Racism. Schwarze Menschen an Graduiertenprogrammen für Philosophie in Brasilien Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die ethnisch-rassische Zusammensetzung brasilianischer Graduiertenprogramme im Bereich Philosophie. Sein Zweck ist es, die allgemeinen Merkmale des Fachgebiets zu identifizieren und die verfügbaren Daten zu Farbe/Rasse in seinen Master- und Doktoratsprogrammen zu analysieren. Es ist zu hoffen, dass diese Analysen für die Diskussion und den Vorschlag von Maßnahmen positiver Diskriminierung in solchen Programmen nützlich sein werden. Das hier erreichte Ergebnis zeigte, dass Schwarze in den brasilianischen Graduiertenkollegs stark unterrepräsentiert sind. In der Tat ist das Fachgebiet derzeit dasjenige unter allen Humanwissenschaften in Brasilien mit der höchsten Konzentration von Studenten, die als weiß deklariert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund spekuliert diese Studie über mögliche Ursachen und Folgen dieser Situation und versucht, Wege zu finden, um akademischem Rassismus wirksam entgegenzutreten. Schlüsselwörter: Rassenungleichheiten; Studierendenprofil; Akademischer Rassismus. Data de registro: 16/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:IntroductionFrom the closing decades of the fourteenth century onwards, reform attempts within the various religious orders gained impetus under the banner of so-called Observant movements. In nearly all orders, these Observant movements advocated a return to the lifestyle of an imagined pristine beginning in the face of a real or perceived crisis.1Within the Clarissan world, there were a number of signs pointing towards such a crisis. Adherence to the (...) rule, as well as a viable form of communal religious life could be conspicuously absent by the later fourteenth century. This was not solely the result of failing religious stamina, due to the interference of lay benefactors or sheer lack of motivation among the choir nuns. From the later 1340s onwards, many religious houses suffered heavily from recurrent Plague epidemics and the effects of prolonged military campaigns.This was particularly visible in some areas in France that were touched by the Plague and the Hundred Years War. In Toulouse, the Clarissan monastic community was reduced from around 80 women in 1330 to just four by 1370. Other houses more or less disappeared altogether because of the Plague, as was the case in Carcassone, Lavaur, Narbonne and Samatan, and had to be refounded. The Clarissan monasteries of Auterive, Béziers, Boisset, Les Cassés, Gourdon, and Le Pouget were heavily damaged or completely destroyed by warfare, and needed rebuilding.2In many cases, surviving nuns from destroyed monasteries extra muros moved into town. They had to restart their community life under very difficult circumstances. To make ends meet, the women sometimes had to engage in forms of economic exploitation of their goods that were not in line with the requirements of their rule. To make up for extreme losses in population and revenue, they also had to resort to recruitment practices that brought in people not equipped to embrace the vows of poverty, abstinence and obedience.There was no uniformity in the ways in which reforms were initiated. Nor did they always have the same results. This becomes clear as soon as we take into account the choice for a specific rule, the implementation of additional reform constitutions and convent statutes, and the role played by nuns and abbesses, secular authorities, secular clergymen and, of course, leading Observant and non-Observant friars of the Franciscan order.The Tordesillas congregationAn early attempt at reform in Castile resulted in a congregation named after the Poor Clare monastery at Tordesillas. This royal foundation had been created around 1363 to perform intercessory prayers on behalf of Pedro I of Castile and his new wife Maria of Padiella. The house was well endowed, and papal privileges freed the house from episcopal oversight, in line with important Urbanist houses elsewhere.3 In 1377, this autonomy was augmented, when Pope Gregory XI, ‘for certain reasons’ , freed the house from control from the Franciscan provincial minister.4 This might have been motivated by thoughts towards religious reform.5In any case, the new Castilian ruler Juan I was not content with the nuns’ intercessory works for the royal family. He obtained several papal bulls from the Avignon Pope Clement VII to entice the monastery to return to its former “observance” of the rule and its prayer obligations. These bulls made the Franciscan confessor of the king, friar Fernando of Illescas, perpetual visitator of the Tordesillas house, with full powers for the duration of his life.6 He could remove the abbess from office and enter the monastic enclosure to correct abuses. He could also absolve nuns and monastic personnel from sins and excommunication, as well as appoint and dismiss confessors and deliver punishments.7From 1410 onwards, the Tordesillas reform model began to attract other monasteries, which coagulated into the reform congregation of Santa Maria la Real or Santa Clara de Tordesillas. By 1447.. (shrink)

This article analyzes the financial performance and managerial abilities of a sample of US and European socially responsible (SR) mutual funds. The period analyzed commences from January 1994 and concludes in January 2013 and yields 18 US and 89 European green funds. The results obtained for green fund managers are compared with those achieved for conventional and other forms of SR mutual fund managers. We control for the mutual fund investment objective (distinguishing between domestic and global portfolios) and for the (...) effect of crisis market periods. For US SR funds, partitioning the data into crisis and normal periods reveals that SR funds obtain statistically insignificant performance in crisis periods but underperform relative to the market in normal periods. Furthermore, the findings indicate that green funds do not perform worse than other forms of SR mutual funds. For European SR funds partitioning the data into crisis and normal periods reveals that SR funds obtain statistically insignificant performance irrespective of market conditions. Similar to the US findings, green Europe SR funds do not perform worse than other forms of SR mutual funds. Managerial abilities are not evident in the findings though unsuccessful timing of the market is revealed for both Europe and US global green funds. When analyzing managerial abilities in crisis and non-crisis market periods, US green fund managers achieve better results in crisis market periods and the opposite occurs for green fund managers in European market. (shrink)

En estas páginas se ofrece una panorámica del pensamiento de Horkheimer y Adorno, dos de los máximos representantes de la Escuela de Frankfurt. Las dos primeras partes, meramente descriptivas, se centran en el nacimiento y evolución de la Escuela, después se reivindica una recuperación de los elementos del pensamiento de estos dos filósofos que aún parecen aplicables al pensamiento y a las sociedades actuales.

Los riesgos que conlleva el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) desatan múltiples distopías, siendo su aplicación en el ámbito de la Seguridad y la Defensa uno de sus aspectos más controvertidos. A pesar de las numerosas llamadas de atención de diferentes actores gubernamentales, no gubernamentales e interestatales, los Estados afrontan el desarrollo de los Sistemas Autónomos Letales (SALAS) de forma diferente en función de sus intereses, su cultura y sus valores éticos, frecuentemente, ante la ausencia de una clara legalidad (...) internacional. Es en este entorno geopolítico, donde los principios y valores occidentales que antaño fueron guía en la esfera mundial y que en la actualidad se encuentran cuestionados y eclipsados por una realidad propia de un mundo diferente, en el que las Naciones Unidas tratan de alcanzar acuerdos que regulen el desarrollo de los SALAS y limiten el riesgo de que las máquinas pudieran escapar al control de los seres humanos. (shrink)

This paper proposes that global peace should be a professional concern because the issues are complex and require critical and creative thinking, and because professionals have status enabling them to convey information to empower others. Professionals must examine priorities in society's needs for application of their particular knowledge areas, and must each make their own unique contribution towards a more peaceful, less threatened planet.

RESUMEN En el prólogo a la segunda edición de la Crítica de la razón pura, ¿qué ha querido decir Kant con una “revolución del modo de pensar” que se debe aplicar a la metafísica para que tome el camino de la ciencia? Cabe distinguir dos significados: uno de carácter metodológico, que asume que el conocimiento rige a los objetos y tendría alcance. Aplicada a la metafísica, supone una transformación más profunda que permite hablar, en segundo lugar, de un significado metafísico (...) específico, que implica que el conocimiento constituye aquello mismo a lo que se llama el objeto de las representaciones. ABSTRACT What is Kant referring to when, in the Preface to the Second Edition of the Critique of Pure Reason, he speaks of the “revolution in the way of thinking” that is needed for metaphysics to enter the path of science? Two meanings are possible. The first is a methodological one, which assumes that knowledge governs objects and would, therefore, extend to metaphysics. Applied to the latter, a more profound transformation is needed, one that would make it possible to speak of a specific metaphysical meaning entailing that knowledge constitutes the object of representations. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 106 Heft: 3 Seiten: 418-429.

This paper analyses the relatively neglected topic of hierarchy in the philosophical foundation of human rights. It develops a transcendental-discursive approach. This approach develops the idea that all human rights could be derived from a small set of fundamental rights that are interconnected and that incorporate all ulterior possible specific rights. This set is then applied to an analysis of human rights as they have been formulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The claim is that this prior set (...) of transcendental rights is discursively implied whenever we talk about human rights. Thinking about the hierarchy of rights pragmatically means thinking about prioritising their implementation. Some consequences for practical philosophy and politics concerning the role of states, enterprises and world citizenship are then discussed. (shrink)

Im Anhang zum zweiten Teil der Kritik der Urteilskraft, der Kritik der teleologischen Urteilskraft, setzt sich Kant mit der Frage nach dem Zweck der Schöpfung auseinander. Seine These ist hier eindeutig: „wir [erkennen] nun den Menschen […] als moralisches Wesen für den Zweck der Schöpfung [an…]“. Warum ist jedoch der Mensch als moralisches Wesen für den Zweck der Schöpfung zu halten? Diese Frage ist keineswegs unumstritten und soll in diesem Aufsatz erörtert werden. Um sie zu beantworten, werde ich den Zusammenhang (...) von drei bestehenden Elementen der kantischen Auffassung des Menschen als Zweck der Schöpfung erläutern: Die vernünftige Natur des Menschen, die Freiheit seines Willens, und das Sittengesetz. (shrink)

The New Parish, beloved by the most recent church documents, meets several challenges for its renewal, among them the caring for the poor. This commitment, the agape expression of Christ, is fundamental in this world in which the seeds of individualism and neo-paganism are gaining strength. Thus, in an exercise of systematic theology that re-connects biblical theology and pastoral, an important way is to look at the caring for the poor in the example of the Apostle Paul. Paul organized a (...) collection for the saints of the Jerusalem church among the Asian communities, making visible church unity between Jews and Gentiles through charity. It was not only a solidary action, but the experience of Christian love that is given as Thanksgiving to God, He who by his grace saved us first. (shrink)

This paper argues that the science of logic follows the theory of knowledge. The objects are ens rationis. It admits that we have two kind of logic: formal logic, which follows via rationis, named abstractio formalis; and real logic, which follows via rationis, named abstractio totius. In consequence, there are divers habits of logic, which permit the use of our different acts of understanding, which pertain to both uses of ratio. Each one of these different logics has different principles: the (...) rational principle, the axioms of logic; the formal principle; the principle of generalisation. (shrink)

Resumo: Trata-se de avaliar a justiça da leitura deleuzeana de Bergson, partindo de duas problemáticas principais: o monismo da duração, que Deleuze enxerga e defende em Bergson, e a ontologização do passado, a qual ele promove em sua apreciação da filosofia bergsoniana. Como procuraremos mostrar, se o primeiro ponto parece particularmente equivocado, o segundo ponto parece encontrar guarida em alguns trechos da obra de Bergson.: In this article we evaluate Deleuze's reading of Bergson, discussing two main problems: the monism of (...) duration that Deleuze sees and defends in Bergson, and the ontologization of the past that he finds in the Bergsonian philosophy. As we shall attempt to show, if the first point seems particularly misleading, the second point seems to find a basis in some passages of Bergson's work. (shrink)

Estas consideraciones pretenden apuntar que la fenomenología, como exploración de las situaciones originarias de la existencia humana y del mundo que en ella se exhibe, no es un camino cerrado. Posiblemente no lo es en la modalidad concreta con que la planteó Husserl en sus obras centrales, pero el giro que él mismo le imprimió en sus Últimos escritos y su prolongatión en manos de sus seguidores “heterodoxos” hace pensar que aÚn le queda una importante tarea por realizar, tal vez (...) sin el estrépito publicitario de las filosofías que van estando de moda. Cuando menos, cubre una temática, la del análisis de las situaciones originarias, que los otros movimientos científicos o filosóficos dejan a su espalda, pero que requiere una dilucidación que les es fundamental. Recíprocamente, la fenomenología no puede continuar su camino sin tener en cuenta las sugerencias y las perspectivas que van abriendo otros movimientos doctrinales: su teoría del lenguaje puede beneficiarse ampliamente con los análisis que del mismo se verifican en otros sectores doctrinales de la semántica moderna; así como su comprensión de lo humano puede enriquecerse mediante los estudios antropológicos y sociales que ha suscitado el marxismo. (shrink)

El pasado 8 de junio 2020, Fernando Soler Escalona, estudiante de nuestra Facultad, obtuvo el grado académico de Doctor en Teología, con una tesis sobre El sentido teológico de las metáforas de comer y beber en la obra de Orí-genes, redactada bajo la supervisión de Samuel Fernández, Profesor Titular de Patrología. La defensa fue inusual: la pandemia de COVID-19 obligó a realizarla por videoconferencia, para mantener el aislamiento físico entre los participantes. En la espera de la publicación integral de (...) la tesis, reproducimos a continuación la presentación que el Doctorando hizo de sus investigaciones durante la defensa. (shrink)

Starting from J. Fabian’s critique of anthropology and its study of the ‘primitive’ Other, Fernando Esposito discusses R. Koselleck’s work as a critique of historical practice, not least the practice of periodization. While often understood as ‘merely’ a contribution to the question of temporalities, Koselleck actually aimed to develop a new way of writing and understanding history. Seen in this light, his work on historical time is really about a fundamental theoretical reorientation of the discipline. This fundamental reinvention of (...) history was the central problem Koselleck wrestled with. Based on his personal experience of the Third Reich and the Second World War, he came to the conviction that history had no meaning and no goal, and therefore undertook a historicization of historicism, i.e. a re-evaluation of the way history had been written up to his own times. Koselleck’s historicization of historicism was a decisive chronopolitical act. It was catalyzed by his intention to debunk an unhistorical understanding of history and to replace it with a self-reflective, truly historicist historicism, a metahistory reflecting upon the ‘conditions of possible histories’. (shrink)

Hans Jonas developed in ‘Past and Truth’ (1991) a demonstration of the existence of God based on the ‘truth of past things’. And in ‘The Concept of God after Auschwitz’ (1984) he created a new myth of divine self-alienation in order to take away God’s responsibility for human misery. Both these texts were conceived as an alternative to a more Hegelian, objective idealist perspective on theology. This article shows that Jonas’s alternative does not fully succeed in this respect because his (...) arguments bring him back to an idealist perspective. His proof of God is revisited and explained using new insights recently developed by Robert Spaemann, whose interpretation of the proof makes it clear that many important critics of Jonas are too quick to reject his claims. The arguments of Jonas now seem to show a new strength even though they still fail to give an alternative to an objective idealist theological framework. (shrink)

The work of Rainer Forst constitutes the third generation of the Habermasian School. In Das Recht auf Rechtfertigung [The right to justification] (2007) Forst develops a constructivist approach to justice in a serious effort to find a systematic basis for ‘critical theory’. In this article the relevant arguments of this approach are critically analysed. The position developed in the work of Forst appears to be characterized by a fundamental ambiguity because it oscillates between two irreconcilable points. On the one hand (...) Forst seems to admit the necessity of something like the ‘unconditionality of moral law’ presupposing a kind of Kantian transcendentalism beyond constructivism. But on the other hand, he turns back to a more Habermasian constructivist or proceduralist theory. The ambiguity implicit in Forst’s philosophy is that it does not find a compromise between these two approaches to discursive theory so it fluctuates between them, needing the logical support of both poles. (shrink)